Living a long healthy self-sufficient salt free lifestyle

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Diabetes insipidus is similar to diabetes mellitus, or "sugar diabetes," in that both have symptoms of great thirst and frequent, copious urination. The two conditions are not otherwise related. Diabetes insipidus is caused by insufficient production of a hormone called the antidiuretic hormone, or ADH. ADH controls the output of urine. It is secreted by a small gland at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus, and then stored in the pituitary gland. It is release into the bloodstream as necessary to decrease urine output; without ADH, the body would become dehydrated. In diabetes insipidus, ADH secretion can be inadequate or the hormone is not produced at all; in a specific kind of diabetes insipidus, known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidneys simply don't respond to the ADH. Brain injuries or surgery, tumors, meningitis, encephalitis or a hereditary disorder can all cause diabetes insipidus.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/469348-can-low-sodium-levels-lead-to-diabetes/#ixzz1kVSwzKol
Sodium and Diabetes

Sodium is related to both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Some people with diabetes mellitus have an inherited trait that predisposes them to hypertension or high blood pressure. This results in a high level of sodium in the blood, and the excess sodium can cause hypertension or make it worse. The connection between sodium and diabetes mellitus is also called the ADH hormone. If your body secretes too much ADH, instead of too little as in diabetes insipidus, you will retain water, which dilutes the amount of sodium in your blood. In diabetes insipidus, the high urinary output can lead to dehydration if an equally high fluid intake is not maintained. The dehydration results in a high sodium blood level.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/469348-can-low-sodium-levels-lead-to-diabetes/#ixzz1kVT5br6d
Hyponatremia

When the level of sodium in the body is too low -- hyponatremia -- it can cause a number of problems, such as headache, mental confusion, nausea and vomiting, lethargy or muscle spasms. If you drink too much water while exercising, take certain medications that wash out sodium, or have hormonal problems, your sodium can drop too low.
Considerations and Warnings

Low sodium does not cause either diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, but it can be a factor in each condition. Any of these conditions can be potentially serious and should be managed by a health-care professional.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/469348-can-low-sodium-levels-lead-to-diabetes/#ixzz1kVTBnqEX

This directly from the American Diabetic Association Website:
Sodium restriction has not been tested in the diabetic population in controlled clinical trials. However, results from controlled trials in essential hypertension have shown a reduction in systolic blood pressure of ∼5 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 23 mmHg with moderate sodium restriction (from a daily intake of 200 mmol [4,600 mg] to 100 mmol [2,300 mg] of sodium per day). A dose response effect has been observed with sodium restriction. Even when pharmacologic agents are used, there is often a better response when there is concomitant salt restriction due to the aforementioned volume component of the hypertension that is almost always present. The efficacy of these measures in diabetic individuals is not known.

I feel the OP may oversimplify the role of sodium and the comparative levels in diseases like diabetes, renal failure, and heart disease. There are many factors that may cause these respective diseases and a high sodium diet has never been listed as the root cause for any of them. It can exacerbate some of the symptoms but people usually ingesting a steady stream of sodium rich foods are also ingesting foods high in the wrong kinds of fats and sugars and also have lifestyles that contribute to the cause or origin of these diseases such as sedentary activity levels, smoking, high alcohol use, caffeine use, etc.

To isolate sodium as something to avoid in the midst of all the other more dangerous food additives is sort of like gagging on a gnat and swallowing a mule. A high sodium intake is something to watch, for sure, but other more mitigating factors deserve more attention than sodium, IMO.